Use these controls to limit the stations used with other functions.

• To reset the filter, set a new baseline period - this clears the filter and computes a new baseline
• Use the additional range fields to require a few years near one date and a few near another

The checkboxes are used to define the default filter used when is clicked.

Default Filters	From	To	With at Least this many measurements within the range	Click button to apply
Set baseline
Require data
Require data
Require data
Require data
Hide filtered sites - When displayed, selected sites that do not meet the filter criteria are colored purple.

If any of the 3 checkboxes - Align stations on common baseline, Filter stations, Hide filtered sites - is selected, then Hi/Lo uses only the non-filtered stations.

For instance, of the 5,255 available GHCN adjusted land sites,

• Of those, only 4567 have 15 years of data between 1961 and 1990
• Of those, only 1000 have  8 years of data between 1900 and 1910
• Of those, only   520 have  8 years of data between 2000 and 2010

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To display individual sites in the lower plot, select *station* and click on the site. To display purple (restricted) sites in the lower plot, turn off *Align stations on common baseline*.

Filters

stations where slope max average min baseline num of yrs is is not between and is missing Compute options on period from to

Remove known bad sites TULCAN/EL ROS BASE BELGRANO BELGRANO
BELGRANO	This base was moved, but the 8C temperature increase was not corrected
TULCAN/EL ROS	There is a major 10°C discontinuity in the data

Ship data
	There are 7 ships included with the land data. Only ship M has enough data to be of any value.
Always exclude "ship" data

Station data

ID	Click on a station to populate this			The first 3 digits indicate the country
Name
Lat
Long
Pop Type				Rural/Semi/Urban - Station type by size of nearest town
Light Type				Rural/Semi/Urban - Station type by light seen from space
Temperature (°C)	min	avg	max
	0	0	0
ghcn plots				These show raw and adjusted data
Search Berkeley Earth				There is no simple translation to their ID's - so search

      # found

  Adding the baseline to the difference is controlled via the Plot Controls tab

Live update - show data for site nearest the mouse cursor

Plot Controls

Set plot limits
Control Chart	y max y min	x min	x max
Stations Averages Hi/Lo				Control x-axis Control y-axis

Stations plot

Include Station IDs in legends
Include Raw/Adj in legends

Display both the Raw (blue) and Adjusted (red) data
Display the difference between the Raw and Adjusted data (Adj minus Raw)
        Add the Adjusted baseline to the difference if Align not selected (Adj minus Raw plus Adj_baseline)

This is good for looking at small regions and/or countries

Hi/Lo plot

Show a zero line RedGreenBlueVioletPurpleOrangeOliveSiennaGreyBlackSymbol xSymbol +

Include R² with trend slope - not a number (NaN) if any data points are missing
Include Raw/Adj in legends

Averages plot

Include R² with trend slope - not a number (NaN) if any data points are missing

Trend Lines

Trend line formulas - currently, only on Hi/Low graph

Least squares
End points	Just fit a line to the end points
Exponential	y = (y0 + 273.15)exp( (t-t0)/k ) - 273.15
Exponential	y = (y0 - ymin + 0.1)exp( (t-t0)/k ) + ymin - 0.1

Show second trend on period from to

- Minimum number of years required to produce a linear regression

Normally, the trend line is fitted to the displayed, averaged data. A full regression fits the trend line to all the data (perhaps 200,000 points), not just the plotted data (about 100 points). As a result, the slope and the R² values will be different.

    using all the data points from all stations

    Show Full Regression line in plot and display values in legend  

The Null Hypothesis is that the temperature change is indistinguishable from zero. For this to be true, ....

Load Local Data

Load data files from local storage. While the button shows all the files in a directory, only xml files with the predefined names will be read. Therefore, you can simply select them all. Once a file is loaded, it will not try and load it again.

Because of how javascript security is implemented, there is no way to load data from a local storage device unless the user manually selects the files via an input files control .. which is what this page provides.

Standard deviation (σ)

This applies only to the plot with the number of stations (sites) chart displayed at the bottom

The values are not meaningful if the average is "Corrected for station distribution"

Show standard deviation (σ)

Show just the standard deviation	RedGreenBlueVioletPurpleOrangeOliveSiennaGreyBlackSymbol xSymbol +
Show the average ± 654321 σ	RedGreenBlueVioletPurpleOrangeOliveSiennaGreyBlackSymbol xSymbol +

To produce an approximately unbiased estimator of the standard deviation of an average of averages, the divisor should be (N - 1.5)

N is the number of stations selected
N	Creates a biased estimate
N - 1	Creates an unbiased estimate when applied to a variance or a mean
N - 1.5	Approximates an unbiased estimate when applied to a standard deviation of averages

Map Trends

Select a station coloring scheme for the map
Selections	This is the default showing which stations are selected Not selected - red (land) blue (ocean) / Selected - green (included) purple (excluded)
Endpoint delta	Just use the end points to see if the most recent date is warmer (red) or colder (blue) than the earlier date
Previous High	Is the most recent date warmer (red) or colder (blue) than any previous maximum?
Previous Low	Is the most recent date warmer (red) or colder (blue) than any previous minimum?
Trend	Is the trend warmer (red), colder (blue), or within +/- delta of zero (green)?
Compute trends on period from to   Delta °C/decade per bin

The delta value is used to apply a window to the "null" condition.

• In the case of the trends - a slope within +/- delta of zero is considered to be zero (colored green)
• In the other cases, if the 2 values are within +/- delta of of each other, they will be considered equal (colored green)

A white circle indicates

• For Endpoint delta, Previous High, and Previous Low - a lack of data at one, or both, of the specified dates
• For the Trend - not enough samples in the range - required number set on Trend Lines tab

Map

Select an alternate map
Default	This is the default map
Landforms	Deserts, Forests, Ice, and more ref
Lights	The Earth at night ref

UCAR and Keeling CO2 Data

The UCAR Simple Climate Model predicts how much the temperature will increase for an increase in CO2 - however, their data actually demonstrates that the model is wrong. By default, only the data after 1900 is shown in the Hi/Lo graph and, with a sensitivity of 3 or 4 and using 1975 as the base year, the agreement between the theory and the actual data is pretty good. However, the complete UCAR "historical data" is a poor match to the theory - when data from the previous century is included (use the checkbox), the correlation is terrible.

The Keeling data (1958 to present - only the August averages are plotted) is almost identical to the UCAR data for that period.

Display historical temperature from UCAR
Display expected temperature based on UCAR CO2 values
Display expected temperature based on Keeling CO2 values - 1958 to present
Display all the UCAR data - starting from 1800

Sensitivity - ΔT when CO2 is doubled

Select the "zero" year

GISS 2015 annual anomalies

GISS data provided via Bloomberg

Display historical anomalies
Display 5-year anomaly averages
Display all data - starting from 1880		By default, the Plot Controls tab limits this to 1900

Temperature offset °C - only anomalies are provided, add this to compare with actual temperatures

• 11 °C compares well with 100 year data (set via Basic Filters tab)
• 14 °C compares well with UCAR data (CO2 tab)

Functions to compare Raw and Adjusted data

Filters to help compare Raw and Adjusted data

Islands

Select or filter for islands with relatively small land areas and use them as proxies for ocean temperatures.

Each island is associated with a nearby ocean "station". The ocean values are fairly bogus - the same values are in the raw and adjusted databases.

Years of data	Between
99	1900 to 2010
50	1950 to 2010

Limit stations to 50 years of data from 1950 to 2010

Histograms

Option Bin Size Trend Baseline Temperature Latitude Longitude Num of Yrs	This application plots a graph that requires the HTML5 canvas component. As a result, you need a more modern web browser, sorry! Show data for the period to Automatically include the date range in Trend and Num of Yrs plots
Display both the Raw and Adjusted data Number of sites included excluded x-axis min   max       y-axis max

The data range for computing the Baseline Average Temperature is set on the Basic Filters tab

Bin Color Definitions Bin Colors are normally used on dot-maps - these controls allow you to define them. Slopes are normally between +/-0.3°C/decade Deltas are normally between +/-2°C Anomalies are normally +/-2°C Adj-Raw are normally +/-2°C Temperatures are from -20°C to 50°C Counts are from zero to 5,000 The following options only work with the Map Data, Raw vs Adj, and Ani tabs     Use default with 5 levels based on the delta     Use default with 7 levels based on the delta     Use this table - set the ranges and colors here For the Slopes, Anomalies, and Adj-Raw ranges, I prefer the extremes to be red and blue, the values near zero to be green, and the values that are exactly zero to be grey.     Set zero values to

Slopes Adj - Raw Temperatures Color +inf +inf +inf -inf -inf -inf

Map Markers

Define the Map stations markers
	Marker	Line Color	Fill Color	Size
Unselected	Plus X Square Diamond Circle Disk
Selected	Plus X Square Diamond Circle Disk
Filtered	Plus X Square Diamond Circle Disk
Data Map Unselected	Plus X Square Diamond Circle Disk
Ocean Selected	Plus X Square Diamond Circle Disk
Ocean Unselected	Plus X Square Diamond Circle Disk
Failed Baseline	Plus X Square Diamond Circle Disk
Hide stations that are not selected		Increase the Selected marker size when zooming
Hide filtered sites - When displayed, selected sites that do not meet the filter criteria are colored purple.

Color Code Station Data

Select a station coloring scheme for the map
Data	Bin size	Date range
Trends	°C/decade	Show data for the period to
Number of Years	years
Mean Temperature	°C
Max Temperature
Min Temperature
Baseline		This shows the baseline temperatures Use the date range on the Basic Filters tab
Set the colors and number of steps via the Bin Colors tab
Selections	This is the default showing which stations are selected Not selected - red (land) blue (ocean) / Selected - green (included) purple (excluded)

xy Scatter Plots	Number of selected sites included excluded
Option Axis Bin Size Y X Trend Baseline Temp Latitude Longitude Num of Yrs Use currently displayed dataset Plot Adjusted vs Raw Plot (Adjusted - Raw) vs selection         x-axis selection Trend Baseline Latitude Longitude Num of Yrs Compute bins for 100x200 grid	This application plots a graph that requires the HTML5 canvas component. As a result, you need a more modern web browser, sorry! Show data for the period to Automatically include the date range in Trend and Num of Yrs plots
These control the Number of Counts per Bin color code x-axis min   max       y-axis min max       Marker size

The data range for computing the Baseline Average Temperature is set on the Basic Filters tab

Animations

Select a station coloring scheme for the map
Data	Bin size	Controls
Temperature	°C	Show data for the period to Show current date on map Hide sites without data (makes the others easier to see)
Anomalies	°C
Adj-Raw Temperature	°C
Adj-Raw Anomaly	°C
Set the colors and number of steps via the Bin Colors tab
Selections	This is the default map coloring showing which stations are selected Not selected - red (land) blue (ocean) / Selected - green (included) purple (excluded)

Current year   Speed x 0.01 sec/update (100 = 1 second)